Conclusions |
The Hackett-Hemwall technique of dextrose Prolotherapy used on patients who had an average duration of four years, seven months of unresolved hand and finger pain and who were 18 months out from their last Prolotherapy session was shown to cause a statistically significant decline in their pain and stiffness. Since this small retrospective study showed promising results, further studies under more controlled circumstances and with larger patient populations should be done.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
| 1. | Zhang Y, et al. Prevalence of symptomatic hand osteoarthritis and its impact on functional status among the elderly. Am J Epidemiol. 2002;156:1021–1027. |
| 2. | Dillon CF, et al. Symptomatic hand osteoarthritis in the United States: prevalence and functional impairment stimates from the third US national health and nutrition examination survey. Am J PM&R. 2007;86(1):12–21. |
| 3. | Dauaghin S, et al. Prevalence and determinants of one month hand pain and hand related disability in the elderly (Rotterdam study). Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64:99–104. |
| 4. | Wilder FV, et al. Joint-specific prevalence of osteoarthritis of the hand. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2006;14(9):953–957. |
| 5. | Mannoni A, et al. Epidemiological profile of symptomatic osteoarthritis in older adults: a population based study in Dicomano, Italy. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62:576–578. |
| 6. | Nevitt M. Risk factors for knee, hip and hand osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Handbook. Abingdon, Oxon. Taylor & Francis, 2006; pp: 25. |
| 7. | Larsen CF, et al. The epidemiology of hand injuries in the Netherlands and Denmark. European Journal of Epidemiology. 2004;19:323–327. |
| 8. | Peterson JJ, et al. Injuries of the fingers and thumb in the athlete. Clin Sports Med. 2006;25:527–542. |
| 9. | Rettig A. Athletic injuries of the wrist and hand, part 2. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(1);262–273. |
| 10. | Gomes Carreira AC, et al. Assessment of the effectiveness of a functional splint for osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint on the dominant hand: a randomized controlled study. J Rehabil Med. 2010;42(5):469–74. |
| 11. | Zhang W, et al. EULAR evidence based recommendations for the management of hand osteoarthritis: report of a task force of the EULAR standing committee for international clinical studies including therapeutics. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66:377–388. |
| 12. | Combs JA. It’s not “just a finger.” Journal of Athletic Training. 2000;35(2):168–178. |
| 13. | Wajon A, et al. No difference between two splint and exercise regimens for people with osteoarthritis of the thumb: a randomized controlled trial. Aust J Physiother. 2005;51:245–249. |
| 14. | Wajon A, et al. Surgery for thum (trapeziometacarpal joint) osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Oct 7;(4): CD004631. |
| 15. | Jain et al. Evaluation of transdermal steroids for trapeziometacarpal arthritis. J Hand Surg. 2010;35A:921–927. |
| 16. | Hauser R. The deterioration of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis by corticosteroid injections. JOP. 2009;1(2):107–123. |
| 17. | Hauser R. The acceleration of articular cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. JOP. 2010;2(1):305–322. |
| 18. | Meenagh GK, et al. A randomized controlled trial of intraarticular corticosteroid injection of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb in osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63:1260–1263. |
| 19. | Alternative treatments: dealing with chronic pain. Mayo Clinic Health Letter. April 2005.23(4). |
| 20. | Lennard T. Pain Procedures in Clinical Practice. Second Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Hanley and Belfus, Inc; 2000. |
| 21. | Hackett G, et al. Ligament and Tendon Relaxation Treated by Prolotherapy, 5th ed. Oak Park, IL, Gustav A. Hemwall; 1991. |
| 22. | Reeves KD. Prolotherapy: present and future applications in soft tissue pain and disability. Phys Med Rehabil Clin North Am. 1995;6:917–926. |
| 23. | Kayfetz D. Occipital-cervical (whiplash) injuries treated by Prolotherapy. Medical Trial Technique Quarterly. 1963;June:9–29. |
| 24. | Ongley MJ, et al. A new approach to the treatment of chronic low back pain. The Lancet. 1987; July:143–147. |
| 25. | Echow E. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sclerosing injections in patients with chronic low back pain. Rheumatology. Oxford. 1999;38(12):1255–9. |
| 26. | Klein RG, et al. A randomized double-blind trial of dextroseglycerine-phenol injections for chronic low back pain. Journal of Spinal Disorders. 1993;6(1):23–33. |
| 27. | Yelland MJ. Prolotherapy injections, saline injections and exercises for chronic low back pain: a randomized trial. Spine. 2004;29(1):9–16. |
| 28. | Hackett G. Referral pain and sciatica in diagnosis of low back disability. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1957;163:183–185. |
| 29. | Hackett G, et al. Ligament and Tendon Relaxation Treated by Prolotherapy, 5th ed. Oak Park, IL: Gustav A. Hemwall; 1992. |
| 30. | Hauser R, et al. Prolo Your Pain Away! Third Edition. Oak Park, IL: Beulah Land Press; 2007. p. 49. |
| 31. | Schwarz R. Prolotherapy: a literature review and retrospective study. Journal of Neurology, Orthopedic Medicine and Surgery. 1991;12:220–229. |
| 32. | Schmidt H. Effect of growth factors on proliferation of fibroblasts from the medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 1995;13:184–190. |
| 33. | Hackett G. Joint stabilization: an experimental, histiologic study with comments on the clinical application in ligament proliferation. American Journal of Surgery. 1955;89:968–973. |
| 34. | Reeves K, et al. Randomized, prospective double-blind placebocontrolled study of dextrose Prolotherapy for knee osteoarthritis with or without ACL laxity. Alternative Therapies. 2000;6:68–79. |
| 35. | Reeves K, et al. Randomized, prospective placebo-controlled double-blind study of dextrose Prolotherapy for osteoarthritic thumb and finger joints: evidence of clinical efficacy. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2000;6:311–320. |
| 36. | Hackett G. Back pain following trauma and disease – Prolotherapy. Military Medicine. 1961;July:517–525. |
| 37. | Hauser R, et al. Prolo Your Pain Away! Third Edition. Oak Park, IL: Beulah Land Press; 2007. p. 21–22. |
| 38. | Ravin T, et al. Principles of Prolotherapy. Denver, CO: Amercian Academy of Musculoskeletal Medicine. 2008. p. 13–34. |
| 39. | Reeves K. Prolotherapy: basic science, clinical studies and technique. In: Lennard TA, ed: Pain Procedures in Clinical Practice. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Hanley and Belfus: 2000:172–190. |
| 40. | Liu Y. An in situ study of the influence of a sclerosing agent in rabbit medial collateral ligaments and its junction strength. Connective Tissue Research. 1983;2:95–102. |
| 41. | Maynard J. Morphological and biomechanical effects of sodium morrhuate on Tendons. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 1985;3:236–248. |
| 42. | Klein R. Proliferant injections for low back pain: histologic changes of injected ligaments and objective measures of lumbar spine mobility before and after treatment. Journal of Neurology, Orthopedic Medicine and Surgery. 1989;10:141–144. |
| 43. | Alderman D. Prolotherapy for knee pain. Practical Pain Management. July/August 2007:70–79. |
| 44. | Nevitt M. Risk factors for knee, hip and hand osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Handbook. Abingdon, Oxon. Taylor & Francis, 2006; pp: 25. |
| 45. | Wheeless C. CMC Joint/CMC Arthritis. Duke Orthopaedics. Wheeless’ Textbook of Orthopaedics. Available at: http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/cmc_joint_cmc_arthritis. Accessed July 20, 2010. |
| 46. | Wheaton M, et al. The ligament injury connection to osteoarthritis. Journal of Prolotherapy. 2010;(2)1:294–304. |
| 47. | Fleming BC, et al. Ligament injury, reconstruction and osteoarthritis. Curr Opin Orthop. 2005;October.16(5):354–362. |
| 48. | Bora W, et al. The treatment of injuries to the carpometacarpal joint of the little finger. J Bone Joint Surg AM. 1974;56:1459–1463. |
| 49. | Lese A. Hand injury, soft tissue. e-medicine from Web MD/Medscape. September 29, 2008. Available at: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/826498-overview. Accessed May 11, 2010. |
| 50. | American Pain Foundation. Treatment options: a guide for people living with pain. Available at: http://www.painfoundation.org/learn/publications/files/TreatmentOptions2006.pdf. Accessed August 20, 2010. |
| 51. | Hauser R. The regeneration of articular cartilage with Prolotherapy. JOP. 2009;1(1):39–44. |
| 52. | Reeves K, et al. Randomized, prospective placebo-controlled double-blind study of dextrose Prolotherapy for osteoarthritic thumb and finger joints: evidence of clinical efficacy. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 2000;6:311–320. |
 |
 |
